Azure Virtual Desktop (Microsoft AVD)

[Roberttah]

Azure Virtual Desktop (Azure VDI) is a cloud?based virtual desktop and application virtualization service that enables organizations to deliver Windows desktops and remote applications from Microsoft Azure. It provides scalable, secure, and manageable virtual desktop infrastructure for distributed teams and hybrid environments.

Key components and architecture
- Host pools — groups of session hosts that deliver Windows multi?session or single?user desktops.
- Session hosts — virtual machines running the desktop OS that users connect to.
- Broker and control plane — Azure service that routes user connections and maintains session state.
- Workspace and application groups — logical entities that publish desktops and apps to users.
- FSLogix profile containers — profile management solution that stores user profiles in VHD(X) files for fast, consistent sign?in.

Benefits and capabilities
- Scalability and flexibility — scale host pools up or down with Azure VM sizes and autoscaling.
- Cost optimization — leverage multi?session licensing and Azure Reserved Instances or spot VMs to reduce costs.
- Security and compliance — integrate with Azure AD, Conditional Access, MFA, and network controls like NSGs and Azure Firewall for safe access.
- Performance and user experience — support for GPU VMs for graphics workloads, FSLogix for profile performance, and optimization for multimedia and real?time audio/video.
- Management and monitoring — use Azure Monitor, Log Analytics, and Azure Policy to observe, govern, and automate operations.

Deployment models and use cases
- Persistent desktops — give users dedicated desktops for customized environments.
- Non?persistent session?based desktops — provide pooled desktops for task workers and shift workers.
- Remote application delivery — publish individual apps without full desktop sessions.
- Development and testing — spin up isolated environments for dev/test scenarios.
- Graphics?intensive workloads — use NV or NC series VMs for CAD, 3D modeling, or visualization.

Licensing and costs
- Licensing typically requires Windows 10/11 Enterprise, Microsoft 365, or Windows subscriptions that include Azure Virtual Desktop rights. Confirm entitlements via Microsoft licensing details.
- Cost drivers include VM compute, storage (managed disks), networking, FSLogix storage, and supporting services. Use Azure Cost Management and pricing calculator to estimate expenses.

Security best practices
- Enforce Azure AD Conditional Access and MFA for user sign?ons.
- Use role?based access control (RBAC) to limit administrative rights https://github.com/csccli/Cisco-Secure-Client/releases
- Isolate network segments, use private endpoints and ExpressRoute or VPN for secure connectivity.
- Encrypt data at rest and in transit; apply endpoint protection on session hosts.

Management and optimization tips
- Implement autoscale rules to reduce costs during off?hours.
- Use pooled session hosts for efficient resource utilization when appropriate.
- Store profiles with FSLogix on Azure Files or Azure NetApp Files for high IOPS and low latency.
- Monitor session performance and resource metrics; right?size VMs based on utilization.

Migration and planning checklist
- Assess applications for compatibility with multi?session or GPU requirements.
- Plan identity integration: Azure AD join, hybrid Azure AD join, or Azure AD DS.
- Design networking, storage, and backup strategies.
- Pilot with a subset of users to validate performance and user experience before broad rollout.